• br Acknowledgements br Introduction Anxiety and depression

  2020-04-15

  

  Acknowledgements Introduction Anxiety and depression are major components of maintaining the cycle of addiction, and are responsible for the negative reinforcement of drug seeking behaviors (Sarnyai et al., 1995, Koob and Le Moal, 2008). Both rats and humans exhibit increased anxiety states du

• The availabilities of serotonin and

  2020-04-15

  

  The availabilities of serotonin and dopamine are modulated by the serotonin transporter and catechol-O-methyltransferase enzyme. The serotonin transporter (5-HTT) is a key protein that reuptakes serotonin from the synaptic cleft back into synaptic boutons (Coleman et al., 2016; Talvenheimo et al., 1

• Therefore the SPH algorithm in AUTODYN D

  2020-04-15

  

  Therefore, the SPH algorithm in AUTODYN-3D™ was used to simulate the experiment in Ref. [5] to verify the credibility of the numerical simulation method by results that could be measured accurately. Then the verified numerical simulation method was used to simulate BAD generated by RHA subjected to

• Related with the studies by Zizza et al

  2020-04-15

  

  Related with the studies by Zizza et al. described above [66], work by Ward et al. [68] suggested that the C2 domain of cPLA2α, which binds to zwitterionic membranes with high affinity in a Ca2+-dependent manner, has a high membrane remodeling activity, producing dramatic changes in membrane curvatu

• Ultrasound is an acoustic wave

  2020-04-15

  

  Ultrasound is an acoustic wave with a frequency >20 kHz that needs a medium to propagate [20]. Accompanied by the spread of an ultrasonic wave, a series of alternating cycles of compression and rarefaction emerge in the liquid medium. During the rarefaction cycle, microbubbles are formed because of

• br Abbreviations br Acknowledgements br Introduction Dopamin

  2020-04-14

  

  Abbreviations Acknowledgements Introduction Dopamine β-hydroxylase (DbH) is the enzyme catalysing the conversion of dopamine to norepinephrine, two important neurotransmitters involved in the central nervous system [1]. This enzyme has been isolated from bovine chromaffin granules as a tetr

• Elevation of plasma glucocorticoids as well as

  2020-04-14

  

  Elevation of plasma glucocorticoids as well as a sympathetic activation are highly adaptive mechanisms allowing the individual to cope in various situations [39]. Novelty-induced increase in locomotor activity, characterizing the bold fish herein, accompanied by elevated glucocorticoids is a well-es

• Estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women requires combinat

  2020-04-14

  

  Estrogen treatment in postmenopausal women requires combination with a progestogen in order to prevent endometrial stimulation. This is not necessary, however, with tibolone as progestogenic activity is associated with its Δ4-metabolite that is formed in the liver, as well as locally in the endometr

• All these results indicate that cleaving

  2020-04-14

  

  All these results indicate that cleaving embryos possess a regulative mechanism, sensing the number of inner brilliant blue and controlling the proportion of conservative and differentiative divisions of blastomeres. The current observations agree with the results from other laboratories and our pr

• br Prospect of DDR antagonist DDR

  2020-04-14

  

  Prospect of DDR2 antagonist DDR2, a receptor of tyrosine kinase has been found now to be reported to play a significant role in onset of osteoarthritis at the early stage of diseases progression. The DDR2 are the receptor for extracellular collagen and activated upon the binding of collagen resul

• The thermal behavior of the UV sensitive nanocomposites was

  2020-04-14

  

  The thermal behavior of the UV-sensitive nanocomposites was investigated by DSC before and after irradiation in an extended temperature range (from −40 to 250 °C). Fig. 4a shows the thermograms of the non-irradiated GNP-DNA/PDMS nanocomposites in comparison with a neat PDMS sample. The filler-loaded

• In conclusion as illustrated in Fig

  2020-04-14

  

  In conclusion, as illustrated in Fig. 5G, in response to MNNG-induced DNA damage, PARP-1 appears to have dual roles in determining the cell fate in response to MNNG: PARP-1 activation is the cause of non-apoptotic cell death via ATP depletion and PARP-1 activation is able to elicit a self-protective

• Kobe0065 We and others have previously found that

  2020-04-14

  

  We and others have previously found that supplementation of old rats with ALCAR remediates the age-related decay in mitochondrial bioenergetics in liver (Hagen et al., 1998a, Hagen et al., 1998b), heart (Paradies et al., 1994, Paradies et al., 1999), muscle (Pesce et al., 2010) and Kobe0065 (Liu et

• Fmoc-Gln(Trt)-OH These cognitive deficits may suggest that c

  2020-04-14

  

  These cognitive deficits may suggest that cognitive therapy and pharmacotherapy for gambling behavior may ultimately wish to consider genotyping as a means of better targeting treatment approaches. If core cognitive deficits are shown consistently in certain subgroups of gamblers based on genotype,

• Other enzymes outside of the circadian clock

  2020-04-13

  

  Other 1145 outside of the circadian clock also have effects on CR. Lithium, a drug used to treat bipolar disorder, has been shown to lengthen τ in a variety of systems [17]. While the molecular mechanism whereby lithium exerts its therapeutic effect is unclear, it is known to be an inhibitor of the

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