• Acetylcholinesterase AChE activity and expression level can

  2024-08-14

  

  Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity and expression level can be down regulated by TCDD in neuronal cells [3], [6]. Thus AChE could be considered as a target of the neuronal toxicity of dioxin. AChE has several types of transcripts by alternative splicing in the 3′ region of primary transcripts [7],

• HT receptors are distributed throughout the brain

  2024-08-14

  

  5-HT3 receptors are distributed throughout the brain, within the brainstem (e.g., nucleus tractus solitarius, area postrema and spinal trigeminal nucleus) and RU 58668 (e.g., hippocampus, amygdala, nucleus accumbens, putamen and caudate) (Abi-Dargham et al., 1993, Barnes et al., 1989, Bufton et al.,

• br Identification of the kinase

  2024-08-14

  

  Identification of the kinase that phosphorylates P450c17 The first Ser/Thr kinase that phosphorylates P450c17 was identified only recently. Of the 518 kinases in the human ‘kinome’ 278 are Ser/Thr kinases (Manning et al., 2002), but microarrays identified only 145 Ser/Thr kinases in human NCI-H29

• Renal Cell Carcinoma RCC is

  2024-08-14

  

  Renal Cell Carcinoma (RCC) is a lethal cancer with bad prognosis due to development of chemoresistance and recurrence of an aggressive tumor with increased tumor-angiogenesis and metastasis [7]. We have found Axl and Gas6 to be differentially presented in RCC subtypes, and Axl to correlate to tumor

• br Conflict of interest br Acknowledgements

  2024-08-14

  

  Conflict of interest Acknowledgements We thank Ann Jackman, Mike Ormerod and members of Julian Downward's and Alan Ashworth's groups for helpful discussions. This work was supported by grant number PEM/GME/D391/40 from the Kidani Trust (S. Kaye) and by Keele University. Introduction Autota

• br The complementary role of chaperone mediated autophagy

  2024-08-14

  

  The complementary role of chaperone mediated autophagy Chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA) mediates the degradation of specific cellular proteins and participates in the regulation of lipid metabolism, DNA repair, or the response to stress (Kaushik and Cuervo, 2018). CMA provides an alternative pa

• Evidences have suggested that impairment of CK activity cont

  2024-08-14

  

  Evidences have suggested that impairment of CK activity contributes to inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase activities during infectious diseases, since these ATPases are dependent of ATP, as observed by Baldissera et al. [31] in fish experimentally infected by Aeromonas caviae. We observed th

• Finally not only can ERs pair with

  2024-08-14

  

  Finally, not only can ERs pair with different mGluRs in different Ion Channel Compound Library australia regions, but it is becoming increasingly clear that the same mGluRs can pair with distinct downstream signaling partners to have differential effects both within and across brain regions (Gross

• br Experimental procedures br Results br Discussion Although

  2024-08-14

  

  Experimental procedures Results Discussion Although previous studies have indicated that astrocyte aromatase plays a role in nociceptive processes (O'Brien et al., 2015, Smeester et al., 2016), the mechanisms responsible for the regulation of aromatase and its involvement in nociception rem

• It is noticed that MDL only partly reversed

  2024-08-14

  

  It is noticed that MDL-28170 only partly reversed isoflurane-induced AIF release and nuclear translocation. In addition to calpain mechanism, activation of the DNA repair enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1) is also essential for AIF release (Culmsee et al., 2005; Moubarak et al., 2007), a

• The activity of MMPs is regulated at the level

  2024-08-14

  

  The activity of MMPs is regulated at the level of gene transcription or by the enzymatic activation of latent enzymes. Inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and IL-6 are elevated in synovial fluid, synovium and cartilage in patients with OA, and these cyto

• AP was originally described as a heterodimer of

  2024-08-14

  

  AP-1 was originally described as a heterodimer of the bZIP proteins c-Jun and c-Fos. The experiments described here showed that stimulation of TRPV1 channels induced the expression of both of these classical constituents of AP-1. The essential role of both proteins was analyzed in a series of experi

• In addition unconventional mechanisms of internalization can

  2024-08-14

  

  In addition, unconventional mechanisms of internalization cannot be ignored. It is generally believed that the conventional homologous internalization of a GPCR depends on the activation of G proteins, since GRK activation requires the pre-activation of G proteins (Fig. 2). Feng et al. demonstrated

• br Steroidogenesis in the skin The

  2024-08-14

  

  Steroidogenesis in the skin The synthesis of steroid hormones takes place in many tissues of which the adrenal glands, ovaries, testis, placenta and (-)-Bicuculline methobromide receptor are considered to be classical steroidogenic organs. Nevertheless, skin constitutes an important peripheral s

• MAPs require divalent transition metal ions as

  2024-08-13

  

  MAPs require divalent transition metal ions as cofactors for activity [21]. Previous studies on MAPs from different organisms indicate cobalt ions to be the most preferred divalent metal activator [22]. However, MAPs also exhibit activity with other divalent cations like Mn(II), Ca(II), Ni(II) or Fe

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